Granuloctyes
These are a type a white blood cell that has a very grainy appearence, this is because these WBC are covered in granules. There are three types of granuloctyes: Basophils, Neutrophils and Eosinophils. They all have different and special jobs to do. Each type of granuloctye responses to a different illness because the granules are actually droplets of chemicals on the cell. Granuloctyes are also more abundant in sick people.
Basophils
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Basophils granules contain histamine and anticoagulant herparin that has numerous effects on the bodies own cells. For example histamine increases blood flow to an area in the body this helps to transport white blood cells that begin to heal what needs to be healed. This also helps speed up the healing process. Anticoagulant herparin prevents blood from clotting to quickly.Basophils also appear in many specific kinds of inflammatory reactions, particularly those that cause allergic symptoms.If basophils release to much histamine it can cause an allergic reaction. Basophils are related to causing allergies and asthma.
Eosinophils
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The chemical droplets on eosinophils are especially good at destroying parasitic worms. Its granules contain enzymes and proteins with different known and unknown functions. The functions of eosinophil are various , some of which are very similar to other white blood cells. These cells release chemicals that are toxic to parasites and other invaders. They are involved in numerous inflammatory processes, especially allergic disorders. In addition, eosinophils may have a physiological role in organ formation. Also during certain parasitic infections, eosinophils protect the host from the parasite by helping rid the body of the infection. Eosinophils can also be harmful though. Conditions such as Loeffler's disease and hypereosinophilic syndrome are sometimes caused by eosinophils. They are also linked with severe pathologic changes.
Neutrophils
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The granules on neutrophils contain enzymes that break up proteins. These cells travel through the bloodstream to infected areas of the body. There they engulf and destroy foreign invaders using chemicals. They are found mostly in the bloodstream and they are considered as very important in the immune system. Neutrophils are the first cells that reach the site of the inflammation during the beginning of infection. At first they move with the help of blood vessels, and then through the interstitial tissue. They follow the chemical signals through the process of chemotaxis.Neutrophils are also phagocytes.
Agranuloctyes
Agranuloctyes are a type of white blood cell that does not have a grainy appearence, they are very smooth and clear. They are divided into Monocytes and lymphocytes. Each has a different job to do in the immune system. Also each type is best at fighting off a certain invader or illness.
Monocytes/Macrophages
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Macrophage engulfing harmful bacteria.
Macrophages are monocytes a type of agranuloctyes white blood cells. These cells are particularly good at getting rid of micro-organism and removing dead or injured cells. Macrophages take in bacteria and parts of other cells and breaks them into tiny little pieces. It kills bad cells and harmful intruders by ingesting them. This process is called phagocytosis, it is a type of endocytosis. The cell takes in large, solid material (bacteria or food) that can not pass through the membrane.
Lymphocytes
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This a B-cell or B lymphocyte
Lymphocytes are another type of agranuloctyes. These kinds of cells are divided into two groups of cells. They
are called B- lymphocytes or B-cells and T-lymphocytes or T-cells. Lymphocytes are the smallest white blood cells in the body.
B-cells
These cells make anti-bodies that attach to foreign intruders. The anti-bodies latch onto the micro-organism
and make it harmless or almost so. They mark the foreign germs and the invaders are then destroyed by other immune cells. Some B-cells are know as "memory cells". These B-cells help the immune system remember how to fight intruders
that have infected the body before. Also these cells settle among other cells in the body such as the digestive track, where they defend against swallowed germs.
are called B- lymphocytes or B-cells and T-lymphocytes or T-cells. Lymphocytes are the smallest white blood cells in the body.
B-cells
These cells make anti-bodies that attach to foreign intruders. The anti-bodies latch onto the micro-organism
and make it harmless or almost so. They mark the foreign germs and the invaders are then destroyed by other immune cells. Some B-cells are know as "memory cells". These B-cells help the immune system remember how to fight intruders
that have infected the body before. Also these cells settle among other cells in the body such as the digestive track, where they defend against swallowed germs.
T-cells
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This a T-cell fighting a cancer cell.
T-cells are produced in bone marrow like all other cells, but then they migrate to the thymus or thymus gland. They will stay there until mature into one of the two types of T-cells. They will either become a cytotoxic t-cell, also known as a natural born killer cell or a helper T-cell. If the T-cells don't mature in the thymus they will not work properly later on. These cells are important in fighting viruses and cancer. Cytotoxic T-cells identify damaged, infected or abnormal self cells in the body and destroy them. While helper T-cells release chemicals when it comes in contact with abnormal cells to let other immune cells
know.
know.